Fraud Actus Reus
s. 380 conduct element
Actus Reus of Fraud
s. 380 conduct element
Deceit
Express misrepresentation
Falsehood
Known-untrue statement
Other fraudulent means
Reckless / trust-breaching
Dishonest conduct
Below ordinary standards
Victim reliance
Where required
Property
Tangible / intangible
Money
Cash, deposits, transfers
Valuable security
Negotiable instruments
Services
Induced by fraud
Deprivation
Loss element
Risk of deprivation
Exposure to loss
Evidence required
Documents, communications, records
Case law
Olan, Théroux, Zlatic, Riesberry