Episode F13
Episode F13 — Forgery, False Pretences, and Fraud: Understanding the Differences
37 min · Nov 23, 2023
Audio coming soon
Episode F13 — Forgery, False Pretences, and Fraud: Understanding the Differences
00:0037 min
Episode Summary
This episode explains the relationship between fraud, forgery, use of forged documents, and false pretences. Section 362 addresses false pretence or false statement. Section 366 addresses forgery. Section 368 addresses use, trafficking, or possession of forged documents. These offences can overlap with fraud when false documents or false representations are used to obtain money, property, credit, services, or another benefit. A false document may support a forgery-related offence, but the larger scheme may also support fraud if dishonest conduct causes deprivation or risk.
What You'll Learn
- • How fraud, forgery, and false pretences overlap
- • When to charge in the alternative or concurrently
- • The role of reliance in false pretence cases
Key Investigator Takeaways
- • Identify the false document and its use
- • Tie reliance to deprivation
- • Preserve originals and copies of forged documents
Cases Discussed
Visual Mind Map
Deception-Based Offences
ss. 380 / 362 / 366 / 368
Fraud
s. 380
False pretence
s. 362
False statement
Written false statement
Forgery
s. 366
Forged document
Subject of forgery
Use of forged document
s. 368
False invoice
Common fraud tool
False cheque
Negotiable instrument fraud
False application
Credit, benefit applications
Victim reliance
Required for false pretence
Deprivation
Required for fraud
Charging distinction
Alternative vs concurrent
Evidence required
Originals, exemplars, records
Transcript
Show transcript
Episode F13 maps fraud, forgery, false pretence, and use of forged documents side by side…